• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The concrete quality control apparatus according to the invention comprises a measuring arrangement (1) for measuring the temperature of hardening concrete work. In addition, the quality management apparatus comprises a modeling device (2) for pre-modeling the concrete work. The invention also comprises a receiver apparatus (3) for receiving measurement data from a measuring arrangement, and the simulator (4) simulates the evolution of the temperature of the hardening concrete work in its structure over a period of time using the received measurement data and concrete work modeled by the modeling device.
    公开号:FI20185207A1
    申请号:FI20185207
    申请日:2018-03-05
    公开日:2019-09-06
    发明作者:Antti Valkonen；Elina Paukku；Bleser Kevin De；Tero Nokelainen
    申请人:Sweco Rakennetekniikka Oy；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Method and arrangement for concrete quality control
    Engineering
    The invention relates to quality control of concrete. In particular, the invention relates to methods and arrangements for quality control of concrete.
    Prior art
    Curing of concrete is based on a hydration reaction in which cement and water 10 react with each other to form reaction products that bind together with the aggregate to form a hard mass. Hydration is an exothermic reaction, ie it produces heat.
    Figure 1 shows by way of example the development of heat production in concrete as a function of time from the production of concrete mass. At the very beginning (not shown in the figures) there is a peak of a few minutes in the heat production of the concrete mass, followed by a decrease in heat production in a couple of hours (shown in the figures). Thereafter, the hydration reaction intensifies and the heat generation rises in about 3-12. After the rising phase of heat generation, heat generation begins to decrease. As can be seen from Figure 1, the heat output (curve A) decreases much more slowly than it increased during the rising phase.
    Temperature is important because strength development and heat production are both consequences of the hydration reaction and thus proportional. In the hydration reaction of cement, heat is generated in the same proportion as the strength development progresses. Heat generation is affected by the chemical composition of the concrete mass as well as the fineness and amount of cement. Controlling heat generation is important for the strength development of concrete, especially for massive structures. Temperatures that have become too high have a detrimental effect on e.g. on the other hand, the strength of the concrete and, on the other hand, excessive temperature differences inside the structure cause cracking in the structure and thus additional unnecessary repair needs even for the new structure. One of the prerequisites for a successful concrete structure is that it is hardening time
    20185207 PRH 05 -03- 2018 temperature development is kept in the most suitable range possible. Thus, the aim is to avoid too low or high temperatures during curing.
    In addition to the material properties of the concrete, the temperature development of the concrete structure is affected by the geometry, dimensions and external conditions of the structure. The geometry and dimensions of the structure affect the magnitude of the temperature differences within the structure. The heat output is proportional to the mass, so that in a massive structure with a relatively small surface area, the temperatures increase higher than in small structures. In addition, the transfer of heat to the outside air is strongly dependent on external conditions, such as the outside air temperature.
    In massive structures, the temperature of the concrete usually rises high in the middle part of the casting, leading to temperature differences between the surface of the structure and the middle parts. Stress due to temperature differences is susceptible to cracking of the concrete surface, so pre-design to control temperature differences is important for the durability and durability of concrete.
    However, heat generation can also be beneficial. In connection with winter concreting, faster-curing cement can be used instead of slower cement, because the temperature and strength of the structure then develop more favorably, especially during the first, decisive days. In winter, the aim is to avoid excessive cooling / freezing of the concrete casting by protecting the concrete casting with, for example, 20 insulation boards, mats and / or using heaters.
    The heat generated in the hydration of concrete can be influenced by using cement that produces as little heat as possible or a mixed cement / binder and, in solid structures, as cold a concrete mass as possible. The resulting temperature differences are influenced by the choice of molds and insulators as well as 25 possible heating or cooling.
    The temperature of the hardening concrete mass must be closely monitored during the first days in order to obtain certain information at what temperatures the hardening has taken place and what the strength of the concrete is at any given time. Critical areas for temperature monitoring include, for example, the concrete surface, the central areas of massive structural members, parts near the interfaces of cold bridges and other related structures, and external corners.
    20185207 PRH 05 -03- 2018
    It is known to install a so-called remotely readable temperature sensors that can measure the temperature of the hardening concrete at desired points. However, the sensors can break during casting. A safer and more reliable method of heat measurement is thermal wire measurement.
    There are also computer programs used in the manufacture of concrete. The aim of these programs is to ensure that the strength development of the concrete mass to be produced takes place in the desired manner. There are also programs that take into account ready-made concrete elements for strength calculation needs.
    In massive castings, the aim is often to prevent excessive heat generation by cooling, mineral admixtures and suitable cement to slow down the strength development / heat production of the concrete. It should be noted that the development of the strength of concrete is also affected by the post-treatment and drying conditions of the concrete. Concrete components can be cooled in advance, for example by using as cold water or ice char as possible or by cooling Aggregates. 15 It has also been proposed to install cooling water pipes in concrete molds to cool the internal parts of the concrete structure to be cast, and to maintain temperature differences with respect to the surface of a reasonable concrete structure. However, these cooling solutions are technically quite challenging and error-prone and can become expensive to implement, so they are often not used
    Brief description of the invention
    The object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus for quality control of concrete, which reduces the problems of the prior art.
    In the invention, the concreting work is modeled in advance by hand. The temperature of the hardening concrete work 25 is measured with temperature sensors. Measurement data is received from temperature sensors. The received measurement data and the modeled concrete work are utilized when the temperature development of the hardening concrete work in its structure is simulated. As a result of the simulation, it is possible to obtain information on whether too much or too little heat is generated and what are the temperatures inside the concrete work. The quality of the curable concrete work can thus be determined in whole or at least in part. In addition, the simulation results can be used to control concrete work coolers and heaters, which also affect the quality of hardening concrete work.
    The concrete quality management apparatus according to the invention comprises a measuring arrangement for measuring the temperature of the hardening concrete work. In addition, the quality management apparatus comprises 5 modeling devices for modeling the concrete work in advance, a receiver apparatus for receiving measurement data from the measurement arrangement, and the simulation device simulating the temperature development of the hardening concrete work in its structure over a period of time using the received measurement data and the modeling device. The simulation device is connected to the modeling device and the receiver device.
    List of figures
    The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying figures, in which
    Figure 1
    Figure 2
    Figure 3 shows an example of the heat production of hardening concrete, shows an example of an apparatus according to the invention and shows a flow chart example of a method according to the invention.
    20185207 PRH 05 -03- 2018
    Description of the invention
    Figure 2 shows an example of a concrete quality management apparatus according to the invention. In the example of Figure 2, the concrete work 10 is a massive retaining wall, but the concrete work can be any other concrete work object. It can be, for example, foot casting, column casting, a combination of these, a massive bridge girder, etc. As is known per se, reinforcements and a temperature sensor 6 are placed in the concrete work mold 25. The temperature sensors can be, for example, thermocouple wires. Certain locations have been designed for temperature sensors in order to obtain as comprehensive information as possible on the heat work of the concrete work during the hardening of the concrete. The temperature sensors 6 remain inside the concrete work after the concrete has hardened. The temperature sensors 6 form a measuring arrangement 1 for measuring the temperature of the hardening concrete work.
    20185207 PRH 05 -03- 2018
    The temperature sensors are connected to a receiver device 3 which receives measurement data from the measurement arrangement 1. The receiver device may be a temperature measuring device which can be connected to an external device, such as a simulation device 4 in this example, for transmitting temperature information. Depending on the technology used. 5 The receiver's connections to temperature sensors and external equipment can be wired and / or wireless.
    The quality management apparatus further comprises a modeling device 2 for pre-modeling the concrete work. For example, a modeling device is a computer program installed on a computer. The computer program can model the concrete work in three dimensions, taking into account e.g. the concrete mix used, its reinforcements and geometry. The model can also take into account the external conditions, ie the weather, the mold structures as well as any associated structures and the heat transfer between them and the structure under consideration. The modeling device thus provides an information model of the concrete work to be performed, which can be presented, for example, as perspective images on a computer screen.
    The quality management apparatus also comprises a simulation device 4 for simulating the temperature development of the hardening concrete work in its structure over a certain period of time using the received measurement data from the temperature sensors 6 and the concrete work modeled by the modeling device 2. The simulation device is thus connected to the modeling device 2 and the receiver device 3. The simulation device is able to model the heat generation 20 in the modeled concrete work. In this case, the composition, reinforcements, geometry, etc. of the concrete mix can be taken into account. The temperature evolution can be simulated for a desired period of time, such as for the first two days, the first seven days or the first 14 days. Simulator 4 is a computer program installed on a computer. It is possible that the simulation device 4 and the modeling device are in the same computer. It is also possible that the simulation computer program and the modeling computer program belong to the same software package but are different parts of it.
    In the invention, the simulation device 4 is arranged to utilize the temperatures measured by the temperature sensors 6. The software of the simulation device is thus arranged to take into account the actual temperature information available, thus affecting the simulation.
    20185207 PRH 05 -03- 2018 reliability and accuracy. For example, if the simulation without data from temperature measurements in the example of Figure 2 gives a temperature of 35 degrees Celsius at 8 hours for the top temperature sensor 6 ', but the temperature sensor 6' measures 39 degrees Celsius at the same time, the simulation can be modified to take into account the actual temperature. Celsius at measuring point 6 '. This consideration of the measurement data affects the entire simulation. The simulated temperature values for future time points are thus more accurate than without measurement data.
    The simulation is performed on a three-dimensional model so that the temperature of any concrete work point can be simulated. In other words, the simulation forms a continuous temperature distribution of 10 inside the concrete work model and also on its surface. If at least one actual temperature at a point in the concrete work is known from the measurement results, the simulation can be sorted calibrated on the basis of the correct temperature point or points. The more actual temperature measurements available, the more reliable and accurate the simulation result will be. However, the use of a single actual measurement temperature value 15 improves the reliability and accuracy of the simulation.
    In this context, simulation refers to the solution of mathematical models describing the development of concrete temperature by a computer. Simulation methods enable accurate and efficient analysis of even complex structures. Thus, simulation can be used to generate a time history of temperature at each point in the structure based on material properties, geometry, and also external conditions.
    Putting concrete in the mold can break and / or move the measuring sensors 6, which can also cause errors. However, since the use of the simulation according to the invention does not necessarily require the use of many functional temperature sensors, a reliable and accurate result can thus be achieved with a smaller number of temperature sensors. The measuring arrangement 1 according to the invention may comprise one or more temperature sensors 6.
    In addition, the invention also makes it possible to install temperature sensors even more easily. Namely, in the invention it is sufficient that the temperature sensor or sensors are placed on the surface of the concrete work. In other words, it does not necessarily require the temperature sensor to be placed 30 in advance in the casting mold, where it may break during concrete casting work. Temperature sensor,
    20185207 PRH 05 -03- 2018 as in the example of the sensor 6A in Fig. 2, immediately after placing the concrete, it can be placed exactly at the desired point on the surface of the concrete work or even at a shallow depth in the concrete. This makes it easier and faster to set up temperature sensors. It is thus possible that at least one temperature sensor is placed on the surface of the hardening concrete work.
    In addition, it is possible that the measuring arrangement comprises at least one outdoor temperature sensor 7 for concrete work, which is connected to the receiver device 3. The outdoor temperature can be taken into account in the simulation. The colder the outside temperature, the faster the concrete work cools, i.e. the temperature drops, especially from its surface and in winter. The higher the outdoor temperature, the slower the cooling of the concrete work. The outdoor temperature can also be taken into account when considering the need for heating and / or cooling of concrete work.
    The hardening of concrete is also affected by its moisture. Thus, at least one humidity sensor 8 can be added to the measuring arrangement 1, which is connected to the receiver device. The humidity sensor or sensors can be placed to measure the humidity of the curable concrete mass inside it or the humidity of the outside air, as in the example of Figure 2. Thus, the humidity conditions can be taken into account in the simulation.
    The temperature information generated by the simulation can be utilized in the quality management of concrete work. The simulation device 4 can also be provided with a monitoring of the strength development of the concrete, which is thus dependent on the temperature development. Temperatures that are too high cause loss of strength and excessive thermal gradients for cracking. The combined simulation and measurement data can be used to detect loss of strength and cracking and to assess their severity. These operations can be performed with software / software or custom circuits.
    It is also possible that the concrete quality management apparatus comprises a control device 5 connected to the simulation device 4. The control device is arranged in response to the simulation to generate a control signal for cooling equipment, heating system or both 9. The simulated temperatures may indicate that excessive heat is generated in which case there is a need to cool the concrete work. This situation can occur especially in the case of massive concrete structures (such as concrete structures thicker than 1 meter). Respectively
    20185207 PRH 05 -03- 2018 if the heat generation is not sufficient to maintain a suitable temperature during the first hours or days of concrete work, it is advisable to use heating equipment.
    In this context, mainly active cooling devices and heating devices, such as a cooling water piping mounted in a mold in which cool water is arranged to flow by means of a pump, electric heaters, electric heating cables, radiator fans, etc., are thus active. However, passive devices such as insulation boards and insulation mats can also be used based on the simulation results. It is also possible that the control signal simultaneously controls the freezing device to cool the internal parts of the concrete work 10, and the heating device to heat the surface of the concrete work. In this way, the aim is to keep the temperature differences between the different parts of the concrete work reasonable. Excessive temperature differences can cause cracks. As will be appreciated, a control signal may mean more than one signal in this context. Cooling devices and heating devices can thus be controlled in such a way that the strength development of the concrete work takes place in the best possible conditions, which affects the quality of the concrete work.
    Figure 3 illustrates an example of a concrete quality management method according to the invention. In the method, 31 concrete work is modeled in advance by hand. Once the concrete mass has been transferred to the casting mold, the method measures the temperature of the 32 hardening concrete work with temperature sensors. Modeling and measurement are described above. Measurement data is received from 33 temperature sensors, and the temperature evolution of the curable concrete work in its structure is simulated 34 over a period of time using the received measurement data and the modeled concrete work. A specific time period can be set as desired.
    In the method, measurement information can be received from one or more locations, such as the surface of a hardening concrete work. It is possible that the measurement data is received from at least one outdoor temperature sensor for concrete work. In addition, it is possible that measurement data is also received from at least one concrete work humidity sensor. In addition, it is possible to add to the method a step 35 in which, in response to the simulation, a control signal is generated for the cooling equipment, the heating equipment
    20185207 PRH 05 -03- 2018 or both. Thus, by utilizing the invention, the conditions (cooling, heating) can be adjusted in sufficient time to keep the temperature within the permissible limits.
    Thus, the invention can combine easy-to-implement and few temperature / humidity and other measurements with a simulation model to improve and facilitate the quality control of concreting work, the prevention of drying and the quality of aftercare. The invention provides accurate information on the temperature during the curing of concrete at each point of the structure. This is important because both the loss of strength and the cracking of the structure depend on the temperature and temperature differences, i.e. thermal gradients. When the simulation model and the measurement data are combined, the temperature can be determined more reliably than by simulation alone and on the other hand more comprehensively than by measurement alone. The invention thus makes it possible to convert the point temperature data into a continuous temperature distribution.
    The method also makes it possible to determine the suitability of the structure in the event that the measuring points are not used enough or are placed incorrectly. 15 Such a situation is possible, for example, as a result of a thermal sensor fault or a human error. Combining the measurements made with the simulation model provides sufficient information for partial qualification and quality management, which would not otherwise be possible due to incomplete measurements.
    The method can also be used to detect various work errors. 20 For example, inadequate compaction affects the thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of concrete. In this case, by comparing the simulated temperature development with the real one, quality deviations can be detected, which would be difficult and expensive to directly measure and thus detect using other means. Correspondingly, errors in the properties of the concrete can also be detected. The method may thus comprise step 25 to detect the loss of strength and cracking of the concrete work on the basis of the received measurements and simulation. The method may also comprise the step of determining the strength class of the concrete work based on the received measurements and simulation.
    The apparatus according to the invention can be implemented in several different ways, as can be seen from the above description. In this context, quality management also means quality control. The connections between the control device 5, the simulation device 4 and the receiving device 3 and the heating / freezing devices described in Fig. 2 can be wired or wireless. Thus, the invention is not limited to the examples presented in this presentation, but can be implemented in various ways within the scope of the independent claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (16)
    [1]
    The claims
    A method for controlling the quality of concrete, in which the temperature of the hardening concrete work is measured (31) by means of temperature sensors, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of
    - to model (32) the concrete work in advance,
    5 - to receive (33) measurement data from temperature sensors,
    - to simulate (34) the evolution of the temperature of the hardening concrete work in its structure over a certain period of time using the received measurement data and the modeled concrete work.
    [2]
    A concrete quality management method according to claim 1, characterized in that 10 measurement data are received from one or more points.
    [3]
    A concrete quality management method according to claim 2, characterized in that the measurement information is received from the surface of the hardening concrete work.
    [4]
    Concrete quality management method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the measurement data is also received from at least one concrete work
    15 outdoor temperature sensors.
    [5]
    Concrete quality management method according to Claim 4, characterized in that the measurement data is also received from at least one concrete work humidity sensor.
    [6]
    Concrete quality management method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises the step of detecting the loss of strength and cracking of the concrete work.
    20 based on received measurements and simulation.
    [7]
    Concrete quality management method according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises the step of determining the strength class of the concrete work on the basis of the measurements and simulation received.
    [8]
    A concrete quality management method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises the step of generating (35) a control signal in response to the simulation to the cooling equipment, the heating equipment or both.
    [9]
    A concrete quality control apparatus comprising a measuring arrangement (1) for measuring the temperature of a hardening concrete work, characterized in that the quality control apparatus comprises
    - a modeling device (2) to model the concrete work in advance,
    20185207 PRH 05 -03- 2018
    - a receiver device (3) for receiving measurement data from the measurement arrangement,
    - the simulation device (4) simulates the temperature development of the hardening concrete work in its structure over a certain period of time using the received measurement data and the concrete work modeled by the modeling device, which simulation device is connected
    5 to the modeling device (2) and the receiver device (3).
    [10]
    Concrete quality control installation according to Claim 9, characterized in that the measuring arrangement (1) comprises one or more temperature sensors (6).
    [11]
    Concrete quality control device according to Claim 10, characterized in that at least one temperature sensor is placed on the surface (6A) of the hardening concrete work.
    10
    [12]
    Concrete quality control equipment according to one of Claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the measuring arrangement (1) comprises at least one outdoor work temperature sensor (7) for the concrete work, which is connected to the receiver equipment (3).
    [13]
    Concrete quality management equipment according to Claim 12, characterized in that the measuring arrangement (1) also comprises at least one concrete work humidity sensor (8), which
    15 is connected to the receiver equipment (3).
    [14]
    Concrete quality management apparatus according to one of Claims 9 to 13, characterized in that the simulation device (4) is arranged to detect the loss of strength and cracking of the concrete work on the basis of the received measurements and simulation.
    [15]
    Concrete quality management apparatus according to one of Claims 9 to 14, characterized in that the simulation device (4) is arranged to determine the strength class of the concrete work on the basis of measurements and simulation.
    [16]
    Concrete quality control apparatus according to one of Claims 9 to 15, characterized in that it comprises a control device (5) which is connected to the simulation device (4) and which is arranged in response to the simulation to generate a control signal.
    25 for refrigeration equipment, heating equipment or both (9).
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